How to Train a Service Dog in the US

Training a service dog is a vital and rewarding process that can significantly improve the life of a person with disabilities. Service dogs are specially trained to assist people with various disabilities, ranging from mobility impairments to mental health conditions. In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines service dogs as dogs that are individually trained to perform tasks or do work for people with disabilities. These tasks must directly relate to the person's disability. Below, we'll guide you through the steps involved in training a service dog in the US, from selecting the right dog to the final stages of training.

1. Selecting the Right Dog

Not every dog is suited to become a service dog. Some breeds are more commonly used as service dogs due to their temperament, size, and trainability. Popular service dog breeds include Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds. These breeds are known for their intelligence, willingness to work, and generally calm demeanors.

When selecting a dog, it's essential to assess their temperament and health. Service dogs need to be calm, confident, and not easily distracted. They should also be healthy and physically capable of performing tasks. Many organizations and trainers prefer to start training with a young dog or puppy, as they can shape the dog's behavior from an early age. However, some adult dogs can also be trained, especially if they already exhibit the necessary qualities.

2. Basic Obedience Training

Before a dog can begin service-specific training, they must master basic obedience skills. This is the foundation for all future training and helps ensure that the dog will behave appropriately in public and respond reliably to commands. Basic obedience training typically includes:

• Sit: The dog learns to sit on command.
• Stay: The dog remains in place until released.
• Come: The dog comes to the handler when called.
• Heel: The dog walks beside the handler without pulling on the leash.
• Leave it: The dog ignores distractions and remains focused on the handler.

During this phase, the dog should also be socialized to various environments, people, and other animals. Service dogs need to be comfortable in public settings, including crowded places, public transport, and areas with loud noises or sudden movements.

3. Task-Specific Training

Once the dog has a strong foundation in obedience, they can begin learning tasks that are specific to the handler's needs. The tasks a service dog is trained to perform will vary depending on the type of disability they are assisting with. Some common tasks include:

• Mobility Assistance: For people with physical disabilities, service dogs can be trained to help with tasks such as retrieving objects, opening doors, turning on lights, or providing balance support.
• Medical Alert: Service dogs can be trained to detect changes in their handler's body chemistry, such as low blood sugar in people with diabetes or the onset of a seizure in people with epilepsy. They can alert their handler to take medication or get help.
• Psychiatric Assistance: For individuals with mental health conditions such as PTSD, service dogs can be trained to perform tasks like interrupting harmful behaviors, providing deep pressure therapy during anxiety attacks, or reminding their handler to take medication.
• Hearing Assistance: Service dogs for the hearing impaired can be trained to alert their handler to sounds such as doorbells, alarms, or someone calling their name.

Task-specific training can be complex and requires patience and consistency. The dog must perform the task reliably and on command or in response to specific triggers. This part of the training can take several months to over a year, depending on the complexity of the tasks and the dog's learning pace.

4. Public Access Training

Public access training is essential for ensuring that the service dog behaves appropriately in all public settings. This training focuses on teaching the dog to remain calm and focused on their handler, even in distracting or challenging environments. Public access training often includes:

• Ignoring distractions: Service dogs need to ignore food, people, and other animals while working.
• Staying close to the handler: The dog should remain by the handler's side at all times, without wandering or pulling on the leash.
• Maintaining focus: Even in busy or noisy environments, the dog should stay focused on their handler and be ready to respond to commands.

Public access training should take place in various settings, such as shopping centers, restaurants, public transportation, and parks. The goal is for the dog to be comfortable and well-behaved in any environment they might encounter while working.

5. Certification and Registration

In the United States, service dogs do not require official certification or registration under the ADA. However, some handlers choose to obtain a certification or identification card from a service dog organization for convenience. These documents can make it easier to access public places or travel with the dog, although they are not legally required.

It's important to note that businesses and public facilities are not allowed to ask for proof of a service dog's certification. They may only ask two questions: (1) Is the dog a service animal required because of a disability? and (2) What work or task has the dog been trained to perform?

6. Ongoing Training and Maintenance

Training a service dog doesn't stop once they've learned their tasks and passed public access training. Ongoing training and practice are essential to maintain the dog's skills and ensure they continue to perform their duties reliably. Handlers should regularly reinforce the dog's training and address any issues that arise.

Additionally, service dogs should receive regular veterinary care and a balanced diet to keep them healthy and capable of performing their duties. Proper grooming and exercise are also crucial for maintaining the dog's well-being.

7. Owner Training and Responsibility

Training a service dog is not just about the dog; the handler also needs to learn how to effectively work with their service dog. This includes understanding how to communicate with the dog, manage their behavior, and reinforce training. Many service dog trainers offer handler training as part of the service dog training process.

Handlers must also be aware of their rights and responsibilities under the ADA. They should know how to advocate for themselves and their service dog in public spaces and be prepared to educate others about their rights.

8. Professional Training vs. Owner Training

While some people choose to train their service dog themselves, many prefer to work with a professional service dog trainer or organization. Professional trainers have experience and expertise in training service dogs for specific tasks and can often produce more reliable results. However, professional training can be expensive, with costs ranging from $10,000 to $50,000, depending on the level of training required.

Owner training can be a more affordable option and allows the handler to build a strong bond with their dog from the beginning. However, it requires significant time, effort, and patience. For those who choose to train their service dog independently, seeking guidance from experienced trainers or joining a service dog training program can be beneficial.

The Lifelong Benefits of Training a Service Dog in the US

Training a service dog in the US is a significant commitment, but the rewards are immeasurable. A well-trained service dog can provide invaluable assistance and independence to a person with disabilities, greatly enhancing their quality of life. Whether you choose to work with a professional trainer or train the dog yourself, the key to success is patience, consistency, and dedication. By following the steps outlined above, you can help ensure that your service dog is well-prepared to perform their duties and support you in your daily life.

9. Service Dog ID Cards

Once your service dog is fully trained and ready to assist you in public, having a Service Dog ID card can be a helpful addition. While not required by law, many handlers find it convenient to have an ID card that provides information about their service dog. It can make interactions in public places smoother and help educate others about the role of your service dog.

At The Card Project US, we offer a range of Service Dog ID cards that are made from biodegradable plastic and are the same size as a standard credit card. These cards are durable, easy to carry, and provide peace of mind when out and about with your service dog.

If you’re ready to get your Service Dog ID card, visit our website today to explore our full range and make a purchase. Your service dog deserves the best, and so do you!